René Leduc devoted life to high-speed aircraft whose fuselage formed integral ramjet. Bench-tested ramjets at Argenteuil from 1929, starting construction of 0.10 aircraft 1935 and flying it as glider October 1947 and under power 21 April 1949, in each case air-launched. 0.16 added self-launch turbojets (8 February 1951), 0.21 reached Mach 0.87 and over 65,000 ft (16 May 1953) and 0.22 incorporated Atar turbojet and was planned as basis of fighter (26 December 1956), but funding was terminated.