Aleksandr Sergeyevich Kudashyev, Kiev professor, flew at Nice with M.N. Yefimov February 1910, thereafter building 4 aeroplanes. Kudashyev 1 was at first glance like Voisin, but 35-hp Anzani drove tractor propeller. Other features: large ailerons on upper wing and simple (modern type) tail. Made first flight of any Russian aircraft 23 May 1910. Kudashyev 2 was larger, with 50-hp Gnome, flown autumn 1910. Kudashyev 3 was monoplane of Blériot type, but with pilot seated to look under wing. Flew winter 1910-11. Kudashyev 4 was improved 3 with 50-hp Gnome, even more like Blériot with pilot looking over wing; flew 2 April 1911.